Designed Systems
From ResearchID.org
Contents |
Introduction
A number of design evidence features were required for the first living cell like Specified Complexity, Irreducible Complexity, Hierarchical Structure, Accuracy and Precision, designed autonomous behavior, front Loaded Knowledge and negative feedback control can all combine for extremely apparent design. Intelligent Design Theory has a very key advantage over theories that depend on natural undirected processes that depend on processes like random mutation and natural selection (RM&NS). The reason that this is important is because processes like natural selection cannot be invoked for the origin of the first self-replicating cell.
High Technology of the First Cell
The implementation of OOL is obviously using your basic everyday highly advanced, autonomous negative feedback regulated, DNA information model programmed, self-replicating, with self-assembly affinity, protein nano-machine technology with accuracy and precision using less than (1x10^-60)% tolerance, and ATP synthase proton plasma power, of course.
Evolution often gives the false impression that it has already proven the origin of life question. Books and instructors often do nothing to correct this false impression that the public and courts have of evolutionary theory. Evolution is really only about how already existing life may have changed from lower forms into higher forms of life. But the question of where did the first living cell came from in the first place is not even part of the theory of evolution. However, the Intelligent Design theory model has no trouble seamlessly matching the evidence for even the most complex high technology origin of life cellular model:
The problem becomes extremely significant as more details are learned about the nano-scale micro-machines that are found to exist within living cells. The evidence is increasingly pointing to incredibly sophisticated, intricate, hierarchical, high Accuracy and Precision, irreducibly complex, coordinated, interdependent systems that are all indisputably required to produce replication of the first cell. This is not to say that all designed systems have high levels of the above design features, but the first living self-replicating cell must have had it all at very high levels from scratch. Any theory that does not deal with these facts of origin of the first life will soon be undone. Again, natural selection cannot be invoked to account for the first self- replicating cell because natural selection depends entirely on self-replication as being already ongoing. This is where theories of Richard Dawkins and others fall flat and completely silent in the area of abiogenesis because there is no foundation to base their theories on.
On the other hand, since Intelligent Design Theory is based on Teleological Engineering Design principles that use foundational scientific areas of study, there is no such problems with origin of life questions that hinders this theory.
Accuracy and Precision
We can examine the accuracy and precision of functionality of the design as we examine the purpose. The functional purpose is increasingly more apparent with correspondingly increase in functional accuracy and precision. The design detected in a sundial, as compared to a water clock, as compared to a wristwatch, as compared to an atomic clock all indicate increasing foresight and imagination of the designer. We measure the accuracy and precision of each of these items by directly analyzing the accuracy and precision of individual part design, as well as, of the overall design using current engineering methods.
Closed system
- In physics, a closed system can exchange heat and work (see "work"), but not matter, with its surroundings. It is important that work performed by regulation systems be in relation to the regulator in closed systems. However, in biological systems, matter is is readily exchanged by cells. In the case of regulation systems of any type, the sense in which a system is closed is in respect to the quantity being controlled. Therefore, regulation systems cannot be closed systems in respect to the "same type of quantity" that is being controlled.
The first living cell required closed system, autonomous, self-assembly feature built in from the start.
Hierarchical System
- Interdependent, Multilevel, coordinated system with interacting nested levels that may be arranged in parallel, serial, or both.
(Also see Accurate and Precise Irreducibly Complex behavior)
"... in biological systems we are seldom faced with the control of a single, isolated variable. More often, there are hierarchies of control: we control muscle length because what we really want to control is arm position; we control arm position because what we really want to do is point a gun; we point the gun because what we really want to do is to stay alive (Fig. 10).
Homeostasis means keeping things the same: but not keeping everything the same. There is an intrinsic hierarchy in the body’s parameters, and regulation of the more fundamental ones can be achieved only by deliberately allowing less fundamental ones to vary: to maintain core temperature, for instance, it may often be necessary to sacrifice the well being of the skin.
… Many muscles around a joint will contribute to joint angle, so that zero joint error may be achieved with various combinations of muscle lengths. To put it another way, the “set points” of these muscles may be altered, depending on what other functions they may be called on to perform at the same time (the arm may also be propping us up against a tree). Similarly, there are many combinations of joint positions that will result in the gun being correctly aimed at the target."
http://advan.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/28/4/180
Irreducibly Complex Systems
A system designed and constructed using irreducibly complex behavior.
See Irreducible Complexity: http://www.researchintelligentdesign.org/wiki/Irreducible_Complexity
(Also see: irreducibly complex behavior)
negative feedback control system
- signifies the behavior of an object that is controlled by the margin of error at which the object stands at a given time with reference to a relatively specific goal. That is, the signals from the goal (from some sort of sensory receptors) are used to monitor and restrict outputs which would otherwise go beyond the goal. There is often confusion on negative feedback control systems, but not all feedback (positive vs negative) are the same and not all control systems are the same (open-loop vs closed-loop, or feedback vs feed forward):
“… In a closed-loop control system, a feedback controller monitors the vehicle's speed and adjusts the throttle as necessary to maintain the desired speed. This feedback compensates for disturbances to the system, such as changes in slope of the ground or wind speed.”
“… Stability, of course, is always present: the controller must ensure that the closed-loop system is stable, regardless of the open-loop stability.”
“Closed-loop controllers have the following advantages over open-loop controllers:
- disturbance rejection (such as unmeasured friction in a motor)”
(Also see Regulator and Goal)
